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This study focuses on tourists' sensory experiences of traditional, touristic bazaar atmospheres in Istanbul, Turkey and changes experienced after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the sense of smell. The fact that research regarding the effects of the pandemic is relatively new and thus lacking in terms of a comprehensive understanding, and that the topic requires an interdisciplinary approach are the main arguments of the paper. In the paper, the aim is to discuss existing literature on the topic and means by which it can contribute to newly developed research, and utilizing the Peak and End Theory in a touristic environment, focusing on further advancing experiences in these environments. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Globally, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is rising due to rising carbon-based fuel consumption and ongoing deforestation. As carbon dioxide levels grow due to the warming trend, the atmosphere's temperature is predicted to climb. Increased fatigue, headaches, and tinnitus are just a few health issues that high CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere can cause. The electrical activities of the brain, the heart, and the lungs have all been demonstrated to change significantly after a brief exposure to 0.1 percent CO2. Continuous measurements of the atmospheric CO2 content have recently been shown to help evaluate the ventilation conditions in buildings or rooms. Additionally, it prevents the development of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Severe acute respiratory). The coronavirus, known as a powerful acute respiratory, can make people ill. This has grown to be a significant concern in emergency medicine. © 2022 IEEE.
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Lockdown or movement control order (MCO) was implemented all over the world, including Malaysia and Indonesia, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. During the lockdown period, human activities were restricted. The restriction led to the reduction of human-made particulate matter released to the atmosphere. One of the indicators that could be used to estimate the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is aerosol optical depth (AOD). The aim of this study is to investigate the variation in AOD level over the Malaysia and Indonesia region during this restriction period. This study has utilized monthly and daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra AOD product that can be accessed through National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (GIOVANNI) system. The developed long-term time-averaged map showed a high AOD level over Sumatera and South Kalimantan, with the maximum value being 0.4. The comparison among during, pre- and post-lockdown periods showed a reduction in the AOD level. The maximum AOD level decreased to 0.3 during the lockdown period compared to 0.4 in the pre- (2019) and post-lockdown periods (2021 and 2022). Average monthly time series showed no spike in the AOD level in 2020 and 2021. Hovmöller diagram showed low AOD throughout the latitude and longitude during lockdown compared to the pre- and post-lockdown periods. Analyses of the yearly AOD level showed reduction in the AOD level from +11.31% in 2019 to -18.17% and -18.01% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The result also showed that the average daily AOD percentage during the lockdown period in 2020 had decreased to -5.34% from -3.18% in 2019 and had increased to +1.26 in 2021.
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Introduction. The oncology ward is a challenging and unique workplace due to physical and psychological stress that staff experience and the need for their support. Cancer patients and oncology nurses have many needs, and support is one of the basic ones. This study aimed to explore supportive activities in the oncology ward during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. This qualitative study was conducted in Eastern and Southeastern Iran in 2020 and 2021 through a conventional content analysis approach. The participants included 21 (10 oncology nurses, 5 managers, and 6 cancer patients), who were selected through purposive sampling. To collect data, in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews were done. Interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. After transcribing the interviews, the data were analyzed according to the steps proposed by Graneheim & Lundman. Results. The results consisted of three main themes and nine categories, namely the perceive of threat in sup-portive atmosphere in the oncology ward (cancer patients' sense of desperation and need for support, difficulty of working in the department, close relationships governing the ward), Seeking support in the oncology ward (Professional support, patient advocacy), and supportive divergence (poor family support, perceived poor social support, unsupportive behaviors, Being far from the supportive standards of working in an oncology ward). Conclusions. The results of the study have shown that the supportive activities in the oncology ward during the COVID-19 pandemic are affected by various factors. The experiences of participants provide new insight into supportive activities around managing oncology wards supportive needs during such stressful times.
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This study examines the effects of risk message frames on tourists' post-pandemic travel intention via the meditation of loneliness and went further to investigate the roles of conflictive family atmosphere and risk propensity in moderating these effects. A situational experiment was conducted in China resulting 622 valid responses. The study found that respondents in risk attenuating frame had higher travel intention than those in risk amplifying frame;social loneliness partially mediated the effect of risk message on travel intention. Conflictive family atmosphere moderated the effects of risk message on social loneliness and travel intention. And risk propensity alleviated the negative impact of risk message on travel intention. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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The successes of YOPP from the presentations and keynote presentations included * a better understanding of the impact of key polar measurements (radiosondes and space-based instruments such as microwave radiometers), and recent advancements in the current NWP observing system, achieved through coordinated OSEs in both polar regions (e.g., Sandu et al. 2021);* enhanced understanding of the linkages between Arctic and midlatitude weather (e.g., Day et al. 2019);* advancements in the atmosphere–ocean–sea ice and atmosphere–land–cryosphere coupling in NWP, and in assessing and recognizing the added value of coupling in Earth system models (e.g., Bauer et al. 2016);* deployment of tailored polar observation campaigns to address yet-unresolved polar processes (e.g., Renfrew et al. 2019);* progress in verification and forecasting techniques for sea ice, including a novel headline score (e.g., Goessling and Jung 2018);* advances in process understanding and process-based evaluation with the establishment of the YOPPsiteMIP framework and tools (Svensson 2020);* better understanding of emerging societal and stakeholder needs in the Arctic and Antarctic (e.g., Dawson et al. 2017);and * innovative transdisciplinary methodologies for coproducing salient information services for various user groups (Jeuring and Lamers 2021). The YOPP Final Summit identified a number of areas worthy of prioritized research in the area of environmental prediction and services for the polar regions: * coupled atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean models with an emphasis on advanced parameterizations and enhanced resolution at which critical phenomena start to be resolved (e.g., ocean eddies);* improved definition and representation of stable boundary layer processes, including mixed-phase clouds and aerosols;incorporation of wave–ice–ocean interactions;* radiance assimilation over sea ice, land ice, and ice sheets;understanding of linkages between polar regions and lower latitudes from a prediction perspective;* exploring the limits of predictability of the atmosphere–cryosphere–ocean system;* an examination of the observational representativeness over land, sea ice, and ocean;better representation of the hydrological cycle;and * transdisciplinary work with the social science community around the use of forecasting services and operational decision-making to name but a few. The presentations and discussions at the YOPP Final Summit identified the major legacy elements of YOPP: the YOPPsiteMIP approach to enable easy comparison of collocated multivariate model and observational outputs with the aim of enhancing process understanding, the development of an international and multi-institutional community across many disciplines investigating aspects of polar prediction and services, the YOPP Data Portal3 (https://yopp.met.no/), and the education and training delivered to early-career polar researchers. Next steps Logistical issues, the COVID-19 pandemic, but also new scientific questions (e.g., the value of targeted observations in the Southern Hemisphere), as well as technical issues emerging toward the end of the YOPP Consolidation Phase, resulted in the decision to continue the following three YOPP activities to the end of 2023: (i) YOPP Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH);(ii) Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (MIIP);of which YOPPSiteMIP is a critical element;and (iii) the Societal, Economics and Research Applications (PPP-SERA) Task Team.
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One of the biggest global public health crisis began in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. That emergency was the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19, a highly transmissible acute respiratory syndrome. The pandemic declaration by the WHO in March 2020 caused the world to take on several measures to combat and contain the virus. Initially, social isolation and lockdown were the main initiatives, as there were no forms of treatment or prevention of the disease. These restrictive measures generate a change in the habit of the population that triggered serious physical and psychological impairments. One of the consequences was the increase in the use of substances of abuse and, consequently, substance use disorder, including tobacco. During the pandemic, cigarette consumption increased from 10 to 30% worldwide, whereas smoking is the main cause of preventable death and a risk factor for several diseases. Along with alcohol, nicotine has a greater addictive power than illicit drugs. Substance use disorders and COVID-19 have a synergistic effect, in this way, we seek to integrate neurochemical, cognitive and behavioral aspects that led to increased consumption and/or relapse in nicotine consumption and the used therapy.
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The present work aimed to assess the ambient levels of air pollution with particulate matter for both mass concentrations and number of particles for various fractions in Ploiesti city during the lockdown period determined by the COVID-19 pandemic (March–June 2020). The PM10 continuously monitored data was retrieved from four air quality automatic stations that are connected to the Romanian National Network for Monitoring Air Quality and located in the city. Because no other information was available for other more dangerous fractions, we used monitoring campaigns employing the Lighthouse 3016 IAQ particle counter near the locations of monitoring stations assessing size-segregated mass fraction concentrations (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, and TPM) and particle number concentration (differential Δ) range between 0.3 and 10 microns during the specified timeline between 8.00 and 11.00 a.m., which were considered the morning rush hours interval. Interpolation maps estimating the spatial distribution of the mass concentrations of various PM fractions and particle number concentration were drawn using the IDW algorithm in ArcGIS 10.8.2. Regarding the particle count of 0.5 microns during the lockdown, the smallest number was recorded when the restriction of citizens' movement was declared (24 March 2020), which was 5.8-times lower (17,301.3 particles/cm3) compared to a common day outside the lockdown period (100,047.3 particles/cm3). Similar results were observed for other particle sizes. Regarding the spatial distribution of the mass concentrations, the smaller fractions were higher in the middle of the city and west (PM0.5, PM1, and PM2.5) while the PM10 was more concentrated in the west. These are strongly related to traffic patterns. The analysis is useful to establish the impact of PM and the assessment of urban exposure and better air quality planning. Long-term exposure to PM in conjunction with other dangerous air pollutants in urban aerosols of Ploiesti can lead to potential adverse effects on the population, especially for residents located in the most impacted areas.
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The global events of the 21st century, especially during its second decade, contributed to rising rates of mental and emotional health issues around the world, including depression, anxiety, and social isolation. These concerns, which were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, are reminding policymakers, scholars, and stakeholders in the field of education about the importance of well-being in schools and in learning. English language teachers' well-being directly affects their effectiveness, teaching practices, classroom atmosphere, teacher-student relationships, and students' well-being and performance, to name a few. In the same way that teacher preparation and knowledge affect teachers' performance, so does teacher well-being. With the purpose of situating teacher well-being in English language teaching (ELT), this chapter provides a brief overview of existing published works highlighting the effects of well-being on teachers' personal and professional lives. It introduces the topic of well-being and teacher well-being in ELT. The chapter divides the manuscript into three main sections, each addressing a salient topic affecting language teacher well-being-namely, emotions in ELT, work-life balance in ELT, and services and supports in ELT. It introduces the topic with a vignette, followed by a brief overview of the literature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Presentations spanned a range of applications: the public health impacts of poor air quality and environmental justice;greenhouse gas measuring, monitoring, reporting, and verification (GHG MMRV);stratospheric ozone monitoring;and various applications of satellite observations to improve models, including data assimilation in global Earth system models. The combination of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and NO2 retrievals can improve confidence in emissions inventories and model performance, and together these data products would be of use in future air quality management tools. The ability to retrieve additional trace gases (e.g., ethane, isoprene, and ammonia) in the thermal IR along with those measured in the UV–Vis–NIR region would be extremely useful for air quality applications, including source apportionment analysis (e.g., for oil/natural gas extraction, biogenic, and agricultural sources). Ground-level ozone is one of six criteria pollutants for which the EPA sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect against human health and welfare effects.
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In recent years, the increase in the use of services in cloud, fog, edge, and IoT ecosystems has been very notable. On the one hand, environmental sustainability is affected by this type of ecosystem since it can produce a large amount of energy consumption which translates into CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. On the other hand, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of these ecosystems has increased considerably. Thus, it is necessary to apply policies and techniques to maximize sustainability within these ecosystems. Some of these policies and techniques are those based on artificial intelligence. However, the current processing of these policies and techniques can also consume a lot of resources. From this perspective, this article aims to clarify whether the sustainability of cloud/fog/edge/IoT ecosystems is improved by the application of artificial intelligence. To do this, a systematic literature review is developed in this paper. In addition, a set of classifications of the analyzed works is proposed based on the different aspects related to these ecosystems, their sustainability, and the applicability of artificial intelligence to improve them. © 2023 The Author(s)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: MC is a 57-year-old man, who arrived in the actual community in 2017 and has been hospitalized in psychiatric facilities for over twenty years, with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia since the age of 17. He went through several discharges in other communities, which often after a short time dismissed him because of the the difficulties in managing his: "Disruptive behaviour". There are several hospitalizations which have occurred over the years, due to strong agitation, worsening hypomanic mood, severe logorrhea, verbal aggression and destructiveness towards objects. MC had little awareness of his condition and a suspicious attitude towards the community team. He asked to return living with his parents, a request impossible to comply with, due to the severity of the psychopathological frame and the old age of the parents. This framework raised the question to the care team of how to create the conditions for the patient to be engaged in a care path that would take his words into account. Method(s): From 2019 to 2020, during the bimonthly meetings with his parents he was supported by the presence of an assistant. After each meeting he was offered a space where to talk with the psychologist, who is under psychoanalytic psychotherapy training with a Lacanian orientation, in a visa- vis setting. From 2020 to the present day, due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the worsening health conditions of the parents, meetings with the family have been suspended, but the patient maintained the therapy on a weekly basis, and the talking therapy was integrated with the support of writing as an expressive method. This case is based on medical records, the therapist's notes taken at the end of each session (January 2019-July 2022) and from the patient's writings, analyzed via textual analysis. Result(s):The case shows how the initial therapeutic engagement was able to take place on the basis of the patient's own words: "relationship with the parents" was the recurrent theme of his speeches at the beginning of the treatment and offered the clue on why he considered the therapist as 'the one who was helping him with his parents', thus giving the therapist a place. In the progression of the sessions, when the writing was introduced while addressing himself as an "author" not only to the therapist (who helped writing the text under dictation) but also to the readers, the patient used new signifiers, placing them in a "before" and a "now" and being able to find new words to say something about his suffering. In the work on the patient's text extrapolated from his "Theory on the History of Rock Music," emerges the narrative of his first crisis that occurred at the age of 15 following a school rejection. The patient situates his own individual crisis by extending it to the "Crisis of '68", "student Revolts," and the "conflicts between musical genres.", and at the same time including (indirectly) himself as one of the main characters of his theory as one of the so-called "conscripts of '64" and explicitly connecting this to the onset of his paranoia to the therapist too. The patient not only narrates the crisis but also how he tried to "overcome" it, again placing this transition at an extended level through the musical evolution that led to the birth of "punk" music in the 1980s, musical genre in which he could have "recognized himself" because Punk allowed "people who suffered this type of depression" for "artistic expression of paranoia". The writing of this 'theory of the history of rock music' took a long time for the patient to work out, arriving at about ten pages over the course of about 2 years of work, implying the rhythm and logical time set by the patient himself. Conclusion(s): The reference of an aim such as "work" ("Helping with his parents", or "Being his collaborator on writing the text") might have been helpful to the therapist in appearing less persecutory and establishing a climate of trust. When, with the arrival of the pandemic, the outings with the parents were suspended, it was necessary to find new wor ing conditions in the therapeutic process because the patient showed disorientation and difficulty in relating even to the therapist in a calm manner. Also in this case, after a period of suspension, it was the patient who again sought a space to talk, through the theme of music. Working on what the patient offers and support the patient's writing of his "Theory on the history of rock music" allowed the therapist to resume working in a more calm and non-persecutory atmosphere. Writing was a support through which, with the help of the therapist, the patient could construct an elaboration of his illness and suffering and find a way to express something otherwise impossible to say. The work is still in progress;so far, supporting MC in his relationship with his parents through a multidisciplinary intervention and working on his own writing had the effect of allowing the patient to invest more in the community relations and activities, to be more satisfied and to have a greater degree of separation in his relationship with his parents, theme that now does not occupy all of the patient's speech, leaving a space to something new to say.
ABSTRACT
The 2020-2021 period, characterised by the COVID19 pandemic and consequently by social closures and distancing, had a strong psychological impact on the population and threatened the development of evolutionary processes. One of the most vulnerable age ranges with the greatest intra- and interpersonal implications lies between 18 and 29 years old, the so-called emerging adulthood: during the pandemic, the demand for psychological help from young people was overwhelming. For this phase, group psychotherapy appears to be particularly indicated (Gatto Rotondo et al.2020), and for patients facing evolutionary crossings (Budman and Gurman, 1988;Di Blasi, Di Falco, 2011) such as the transition from adolescence to adulthood, the most suitable device is the fixed term one. Furthermore, although more slowly than in presence groups, the development of cohesion appears to be possible in online groups (Weinberg, 2021), a modality that has supported psychological care work in particular in recent years. The aim of the present study is to qualitatively compare the therapeutic process of two psychoanalytically oriented groups of young adults: one in presence with 6 patients, in a private psychoteraphist office, and the other one in online mode, with 8 patients, at the Psychological Assistance for Students-Psychological Consultation (SAP-CP) at the University Center for Psychological Clinical Services of the University of Padova. Both groups are fixed-term, weekly, the first of 41 sessions, the second of 29 sessions, and are co-led (the online one was also attended by an observer). The patients' problems are related to disorders in the affective and relational sphere (e.g. in the family, with the partner, with peers). The comparison starts from the data collected with the Group Questionnaire - GQ (Krogel et al., 2013), an instrument that assesses the therapeutic relationship in the group through a three-factor model: Positive Bonding (sense of belonging or attraction that a member has towards the group, the members, and the leader(s), which creates a positive atmosphere and allows members to feel truly understood and appreciated), Working Relationship (ability of the group to agree and work effectively towards therapy goals) and Negative Relationship (lack of trust, sincerity and understanding, friction and distance that may exist in the group, between members, or with the leader). The instrument was administered at three points: at the start of the group, in the middle and at the end of the process. The reflections on the development of the therapeutic process examined in particular Positive Bonding and Negative Relationship and were enriched by the clinical material consisting of session transcripts. In the in-presence group, the Positive Bonding and Negative Relationship scores are in the normal range and increase in the therapeutic process, suggesting that the sense of belonging or attraction that a member has towards the group, if it remains within certain limits, can favour the explication and circulation of experiences of friction and distance between members and towards the conductors, maintaining trust towards the device and the group's ability to work on shared therapeutic objectives. In the online group, Positive Bonding scores are higher than the cutoff, Negative Relationship scores are lower, suggesting a greater sense of belonging and bonding, and a lower sense of distrust and distance between members and the leader, but at the same time a greater difficulty in circulating experiences of friction and distance. The results show that both group therapies with young adults, inpresence and online, can be effective, and the analysis of Positive Bonding and Negative Relationship suggests that the two devices have certain characteristics that differentiate them and that should be kept in mind when conducting group psychotherapy and interpreting the therapeutic process. However, analysis of the therapeutic process of other groups, both in-presence and online, is suggested for stronger evidence.
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This paper draws on the author's own experience of becoming a parent during the Covid-19 pandemic as a starting point from which to explore, and consider, how the experience of new parenthood was profoundly affected by the unusual and challenging circumstances created by the pandemic. Using a psychoanalytic lens, the author considers the legacy effects of Covid-19 restrictions and the atmosphere of heightened anxiety and danger, on the families who welcomed their first child in 2020 or 2021. The paper brings into focus the simultaneous experience of increased isolation and the withdrawal of support that would ordinarily be offered to new parents, along with the increased opportunities for closeness and early bonding this might bring, and considers how these factors might interrelate. It considers the changes to fatherhood that the pandemic created, and examines the benefits as well as pitfalls of the unusual circumstances brought about by successive lockdowns in the UK. The paper also explores the role that child psychotherapy has, as a profession, to examine and understand this experience for new parents and children born in the pandemic. Copyright © 2023 Association of Child Psychotherapists.
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We present the results from monitoring surface ozone in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown conditions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic environmental load. A level of surface O-3 concentrations, relatively low for a megalopolis, was observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average concentration was 28 mu g/m(3), and the annual maximal concentration was 185 mu g/m(3). That was due to relatively cool summer with the low content of pollutants in atmospheric air. Intense heat waves were observed in the megalopolis during summer 2021 under the conditions of a blocking anticyclone, when the daytime temperatures rose to 35 & DEG;C. Combined with higher atmospheric air pollution, this resulted in unusually high O-3 concentrations. The annual average concentration was 48 mu g/m(3), and the annual maximal concentration was 482 mu g/m(3).
ABSTRACT
The NHS workforce is exhausted. The fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic is ever present and likely to continue for the foreseeable future. We have been utilising appreciative inquiry methodology to redress the level of negativity, and restore wellbeing and cohesiveness within our elective theatre team. Appreciative inquiry is an asset-based philosophy that can be used as a change management tool. Two of the main principles of appreciative inquiry are: 'what we choose to focus on will expand', and 'we can create our future by how we interpret our current reality'. We wanted to channel these principles to help us focus on the specific contributions from team members and how those contributions create the atmosphere in our operating theatres. Methods Our elective theatre lists usually close with a debrief session, which now incorporate The Well (see Fig. 1). The Well helps to identify moments in the working day that were effective or went well. Each team member picks discussion points and shares the story of what they noticed that was successful. We also collected feedback on the new format for the debrief session. Results All the stories were collated, and the top three themes were: making connections, shared decision-making, communication. Two examples shared during the sessions: 'There was a change to the list order, but this did not impact on the running of the list. There was a flow of communication between us - we were in sync.' and 'Decisions were shared - there was a complex patient and the decisions needed to be made early. The dialogue between the team was open.' Feedback on the session format included: 'I enjoy the stories shared during The Well session and I pay more attention to what is going on around me during the list so I can contribute more to the discussion.' 'The Well feels purposeful and it shows a level of appreciation that was not captured by the usual "thank you for your help today".' Discussion The Well has been well received and feedback shows that the appreciative inquiry methodology has helped to create and deepen connections between team members. We hope by sharing the stories of what has gone well we can encourage these behaviours to happen more often and flourish within our workplace. (Figure Presented).
ABSTRACT
: We present the results from monitoring surface ozone in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown conditions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic environmental load. A level of surface O3 concentrations, relatively low for a megalopolis, was observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average concentration was 28 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 185 μg/m3. That was due to relatively cool summer with the low content of pollutants in atmospheric air. Intense heat waves were observed in the megalopolis during summer 2021 under the conditions of a blocking anticyclone, when the daytime temperatures rose to 35°C. Combined with higher atmospheric air pollution, this resulted in unusually high O3 concentrations. The annual average concentration was 48 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 482 μg/m3. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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The global spread of Covid-19 brought a dramatic decrease in vehicular activities, industrial activities and tourism for a limited period of time during the lockdown phase (Year 2020). The variations in ambient air quality were studied in Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak city (Haryana state, India) during the lockdown period and pollutants data were gathered from Haryana State Pollution Control Board (HSPCB). The study was conducted for 186 days in three periods;first pre-lockdown, second during the lockdown and third during post-lockdown phase (62 days each). The results showed a significantly decreased the levels of air pollutants through the lockdown season in comparison to pre and post-lockdown concentrations of air pollutants. Mean PM2.5 concentration was found to be higher than their standard limit for the episode of pre and post-lockdown and the mean value of PM2.5 was 2.3 and 2.8 times higher in pre and post-lockdown compared to during the lockdown period. The average air quality index (AQI) during lockdown has shown a 64.1% decrease as compared to pre-lockdown data and a 69.3% reduction from post-lockdown period. Based on one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show ozone accepts the null hypothesis that lockdown had no effect on the atmospheric pollutant concentration due to the increasing pattern of ozone concentration because of a decrease in the concentration of NOx, which breakdown ozone. © 2022 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved.
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This study examines risk perceptions and evacuation planning for those residents affected by Hurricane Laura}the first major hurricane evacuation during the COVID-19 pandemic}and Hurricane Sally, prior to the wide-spread availability of vaccines. Research on hurricane evacuation behavior and risk perceptions during a pandemic is critical for quantifying the intersect of these compounding threats. Analyses captured how people perceive public shelters and whether evacuation choices changed in light of the pandemic. Many study participants considered themselves vulnerable to COVID-19 (39.4%), and two-thirds believed it would be “very serious” if they or their loved ones contracted COVID-19, but this had no impact on their actual evacuation decision-making. Approximately 75% of the sample stayed at home during Hurricanes Laura or Sally, and, of these, just over 80% indicated that COVID-19 was a somewhat important deciding factor. This reflects the partial role that COVID-19 played in balancing individual and household protective action decision-making during complex disasters, whereas 15.5% wanted to evacuate but waited until it was too late. For those who evacuated to a hotel, many found that staff and guests wore masks and socially distanced in common spaces. Of particular interest is that individuals have a continued negative perception of public shelters’ ability to safeguard against COVID-19 that was coupled with a significant decrease in the number of respondents that would potentially use shelters in 2020 as compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results have informed and will inform future hazard mitigation planning during the current pandemic or future pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks. © 2022 American Meteorological Society.
ABSTRACT
Background and/or Objectives: The Patient Experience Program (PEP) provides vital clinical exposure for 1st-year medical students. The 9-month PEP course involves a multidisciplinary approach at multiple clinical sites and is historically entirely in-person. Students actively engage with patients, learning effective communication with both the patient and clinical team. By assisting patients with their care, students learn how to navigate complex aspects of the healthcare system. The Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) Department modified its curriculum to combat the barriers of the evolving pandemic guidelines, with the goal of maintaining positive student engagement and therapeutic relationships between clinical team members. Design(s): Exploratory Setting: PEP curriculum at PM&R site Participants: 60 students over 2 years Interventions: PPE and COVID-19 screening allow for safe in-person encounters. Several didactic sessions are in-person, including the adapted driving, disability simulations, and social work panel. Decreasing cohort size and modifying rotation hours permit students to appropriately social distance while still gaining diverse exposure to the healthcare setting. The curriculum has a strong virtual component as well. Certain rotations now take place virtually, including weekly interdisciplinary team conferences and group huddle sessions to maintain patient interaction and to foster a group collaborative atmosphere and dialogue. Main Outcome Measure(s): End-of-year surveys Results: End-of-year surveys are overwhelmingly positive. Students note adjustments to the program allow for ongoing beneficial clinical encounters and meaningful engagement with patients in this hybrid format. Both students and faculty members report ease with implementation and maintenance of adjustments. Faculty have noted the hybrid format allows for successful relationships between student, patients, and staff. In order to maintain this valuable 1st-year medical student program, PM&R faculty unanimously support these modifications to the curriculum. Conclusion(s): This novel curriculum provides an example of a successful hybrid learning format that other departments can implement to enhance student-patient interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic.